Sunday, August 2, 2026

بئیین موهندیسلیگینه قارشی تورکجه اسکی کیتابلار 457

 بئیین موهندیسلیگینه قارشی تورکجه اسکی کیتابلار 457

https://youtube.com/live/7Y64ZsgpvPA



  1. VİDEO METADATA

  • Video ID: 7Y64ZsgpvPA

  • Title: بئیین موهندیسلیگینه قارشی تورکجه اسکی کیتابلار 457 (Turkish Old Books Against Brain Engineering — Episode 457)

  • Publication Date: 2026-08-03

  • Duration: 2 hours 18 minutes 19 seconds (PT2H18M19S)

  1. PHYSICAL OBJECT COUNT

  • Physical Objects / Manuscripts / Prints: 1 primary historical manuscript examined in depth:

    • Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth (Tarih-i Ebü'l-Feth / Ottoman historical chronicle detailing the reign of Sultan Mehmed II / Sultan Mehmed Fateh), preserved in institutional library collections (BnF Paris / European library holdings, ~148 pages), featuring illuminated headpieces (tezhib), marbled paper flyleaves, French library stamps and seals, detailed red-ink vowel markings (har harekeler) and red circular punctuation dots across the Turkish prose text, historical notes mentioning ownership in 1135 AH (~1722–1723 CE) by Talib Amir / Talib Amil, and explicit chronological accounts of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror's accession in Muharram 855 AH (February 1451 CE) at age 22.

  • Physical Manuscripts: 1 primary manuscript source examined in depth.

  1. PREVIOUS / NEW WITNESS STATUS

  • Previous Witness Continuation: Continuation of manuscript screening from institutional library collections (BnF / European manuscript holdings).

  • New Manuscript Witness: NEW / COMPARATIVE WITNESS (Manuscript witness of Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth).

  1. PHYSICAL OBJECT MAP

  • OBJECT A: Manuscript codex of Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth (~148 pages), featuring illuminated headpieces, marbled paper flyleaves, French library stamp marks, fully vocalized/rubricated Ottoman Turkish prose, ownership notes from 1135 AH (Talib Amir), and historical chronicles of Sultan Mehmed II's accession (855 AH / 1451 CE).

  1. TEXT-UNIT DECOMPOSITION

  • A1: Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth (Chronicle of Sultan Mehmed II).

  1. TITLE / IDENTIFICATION

  • Formal / Explicit Title: Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth (Tarih-i Ebü'l-Feth).

    ::Catalogue Title:* Tarih-i Ebul-Feth (Manuscript Witness).

  • Speaker Title: Tarih-i Ebü'l-Feth.

  1. INCIPIT / EXPLICIT

  • Incipit: Bismillâhi’r-rahmâni’r-rahîm followed by Ottoman historical preambles mentioning Sultan Murad II and the accession of Sultan Mehmed II [A].

    ::Explicit:* Terminal historical accounts of Fateh Sultan Mehmed's campaigns and reign [A].

  1. COLOPHON

  • Colophon Literal: Historical chronicle colophon with accession date notes (Muharram 855 AH) [A].

  1. DATES + DATE FUNCTIONS

Date / YearCalendar / EraObjectText UnitTimestampEvidence TypeDate FunctionConfidence
Muharram 855 AH (February 1451 CE)Hijri / GregorianObject AA1[02:15:35][C] Historical chronicle recordAccession epoch of Sultan Mehmed IIHigh
1135 AH (1722–1723 CE)Hijri / GregorianObject AA1[05:20][C] Historical ownership inscriptionOwnership epoch by Talib AmirHigh
  1. PERSONS + ROLES

Literal Form (Native Script)Normalized FormRoleObjectText UnitTimestampEvidence TypeConfidence
Sultan Mehmed Fateh (سلطان محمد فاتح)Sultan Mehmed II (The Conqueror)SOVEREIGN / CENTRAL SUBJECTObject AA1[02:14:07][C] Historical subject and accession recordHigh
Sultan Murad (سلطان مراد)Sultan Murad IIFORMER SOVEREIGNObject AA1[02:13:53][C] Historical chronological contextHigh
Talib Amir (طالب آمر / Talib Amil)Talib AmirFORMER OWNERObject AA1[05:20][C] Ownership inscription (1135 AH)High
  1. PLACES + FUNCTIONS

  • Holding Place: European Library Collections (BnF / Institutional Provenance) [A].

  • Composition Place: Istanbul / Ottoman Empire.

  1. RULER

  • Ruler: Sultan Mehmed II (The Conqueror).

    ::Historical Synchronism:* 15th-century early classical Ottoman imperial historiography.

  1. TURKISH TEXT / REGISTER

  • Continuous Turkish Amount: HIGH (Ottoman Turkish historical prose, ornate müsemmen/müsecces prose chronicle).

  • Form: PROSE.

  • Register: Historiography (Târih) / Ottoman Imperial Annals (Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth).

  1. DIAGNOSTIC FORMS

  • Diagnostic Forms: Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth, Sultan Mehmed, Murad, 855, 1135, Talib Amir.

  1. MORPHOSYNTAX

  • Morphosyntax: Classical Ottoman historical prose syntax, fully vocalized/rubricated vowel markings (hareke), and imperial chronicle formulas.

  1. Insights / Script: Fine Ottoman Naskh / Nasta'liq scholarly hand with meticulous vocalization.

  2. ORTHOGRAPHY

  • Orthography: Traditional Ottoman Arabic script orthography with red-ink vowel markings (hareke), red circular punctuation dots, illuminated headpieces (tezhib), and European library stamps.

  1. VOCALIZATION / PHONOGRAPHIC VALUE

  • Vocalization Density: HIGH (Extensive red ink vowel markings and phonetic guidance).

  • PHONOGRAPHIC VALUE: NONE.

  1. PALEOGRAPHIC Profile

  • Paleographic Profile: Episode 457 examines a manuscript witness of Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth (~148 pages), detailing the reign and accession of Sultan Mehmed II. The manuscript features illuminated headpieces, marbled paper flyleaves, French library stamp marks, meticulous red-ink vowel markings (hareke) across the Ottoman Turkish prose text, ownership inscriptions from 1135 AH by Talib Amir, and precise historical chronicles of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror's accession in Muharram 855 AH (February 1451 CE) at age 22.

  1. LAYOUT / DESCRIPTIVE FEATURES

  • Layout: Single-column historical prose layout, illuminated headpieces (tezhib), marbled flyleaves, red-ink vowel markings and circular punctuation dots, institutional stamp marks.

  • Decoration: Illuminated headpieces (tezhib) and marbled paper (ebru).

  • Binding: Historical European/institutional manuscript binding.

  • Paper: Traditional handmade oriental paper stock.

  1. HAND ANALYSIS

  • Minimum Observed Hands: Principal Ottoman copyist; historical owner/annotator Talib Amir.

  • Whole-Codex Hand Count: 1+.

  1. METALINGUISTIC VALUE

  • Manuscript Metalinguistic Value: HIGH (Ottoman imperial historiography, vocalized historical prose, and Fateh Sultan Mehmed chronicles).

  1. LALA COMPARISON

  • A. Lala Linguistic Register Similarity: 5/5 (Exemplary classical Ottoman historical prose register).

  • B. Lala Political Semantic Similarity: 5/5 (Deep reflection of early Ottoman imperial ideology and Mehmed II's reign).

  • C. Lala Language Dating Utility: HIGH (Strong chronological correlation with explicit 855 AH accession records and 1135 AH ownership notes).

  1. CORPUS ROLE

  • Corpus Role: CORE / OTTOMAN IMPERIAL HISTORIOGRAPHY & TÂRÎH-I EBÜ'L-FETH WITNESS.

  1. EVIDENCE GRADE

  • Evidence Grade: A (High confidence based on direct reading of manuscript text, vocalization patterns, 855 AH accession data, and Talib Amir ownership notes).

  1. DEDUP / RELATIONSHIP QC

  • Dedup Status: Examination of the manuscript witness of Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth.

  1. ALL QC FIELDS

  • Object Count QC / Text Unit QC / Timestamp QC / Date Function QC / Date -> Object QC / Feature -> Object QC / Person Role QC / Place Function QC / Title QC / Evidence Class QC / Dedup QC / Timestamp Source Independence QC: PASS.

  1. HIGH-INFORMATION-GAIN TIMESTAMPS

  2. [00:00:10] — Milestone opening for Episode 457: introducing manuscript screening and selecting Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth.

  3. [03:34] — Introduction of Object A: examining the manuscript witness of Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth (~148 pages).

  4. [04:14] — Codicological inspection: analyzing illuminated headpieces, marbled paper flyleaves, and French library stamp marks.

  5. [02:15:35] — Historical and paleographic reading: analyzing meticulous red-ink vowel markings (hareke) and precise chronicle records of Sultan Mehmed II's accession in Muharram 855 AH (February 1451 CE).

  6. HIGHEST-PRIORITY FOLLOWUP

  • Compare the historical accounts, vocalization systems, and manuscript variants of this Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth witness with other Ottoman chronicle copies in the master corpus.

  1. RESEARCH LEADS

  • Layer 3 Institute Inference: Episode 457 features a codicological and philological examination of a manuscript witness of Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth (~148 pages), chronicling the reign and accession of Sultan Mehmed II. The speaker analyzes its material features (illuminated headpieces, marbled flyleaves, European library stamps), highlights the exceptional pedagogical feature of fully vocalized red-ink vowel markings (hareke) and red circular punctuation dots across the Ottoman Turkish prose, records 1135 AH ownership notes by Talib Amir, and examines the precise historical account of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror's accession in Muharram 855 AH (February 1451 CE) at age 22.

  1. SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY

  2. Episode 457 opens with traditional milestone blessings and manuscript screening.

  3. The speaker introduces Object A: a manuscript witness of Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth (~148 pages), detailing the reign of Sultan Mehmed II.

  4. Codicological inspection reveals illuminated headpieces (tezhib), marbled paper flyleaves, French library stamp marks, and meticulous red-ink vowel markings (hareke) and circular punctuation dots across the Ottoman prose.

  5. Provenance analysis records historical ownership notes from 1135 AH (~1722–1723 CE) by Talib Amir (Talib Amil).

  6. Philological and historical analysis covers the precise chronicle of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror's accession following the death of Murad II in Muharram 855 AH (February 1451 CE), noting his age as 22.

  7. Methodological standards are maintained by clearly separating observable manuscript text from speaker commentary.

  8. The session contributes supremely to the master corpus by documenting Ottoman imperial historiography and fully vocalized historical prose.

  9. The episode concludes with warm closing blessings.

  10. PUBLICATION / WEB ARTICLE

Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth ve Fatih Sultan Mehmed’in Cülûs Tarihi: 457. Bölüm Tahlili

Osmanlı tarih yazıcılığında Fatih Sultan Mehmed’in hayatını, fetihlerini ve icraatlarını anlatan kronikler (târîh-i ebü’l-feth), erken dönem imparatorluk tarihini aydınlatan en mühim kaynaklar arasındadır.

  1. bölümde, yaklaşık 148 sayfalık Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth yazma nüshası mercek altına alınmıştır. Oturumun giriş kısmında, eserin kodikolojik özellikleri (tezhipli serlevhalar, ebru kâğıtlı makteller, Avrupa kütüphane mühürleri ve metin içerisindeki kırmızı mürekkepli hareke ile durak işaretleri) detaylı bir şekilde tahlil edilmiştir.

Oturumda ayrıca, eserin mülkiyet kayıtları okunmuş; nüshanın 1135 hicri (1722–1723 miladi) tarihinde Talib Amir’e ait mülkiyet notlarını taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Kronikte yer alan, Sultan Murad’ın vefatı ve Fatih Sultan Mehmed’in 855 hicri Muharrem ayında (Şubat 1451 miladi) 22 yaşında ikinci kez cülûs edişine dair tarihî kayıtlar tahlil edilmiştir.

Bu yönüyle oturum, hem Osmanlı imperial tarihi hem de tam harekelenmiş metin philolojisi açısından mühim bir çalışma olmuştur.























Saturday, August 1, 2026

بئیین موهندیسلیگینه قارشی تورکجه اسکی کیتابلار 456

 بئیین موهندیسلیگینه قارشی تورکجه اسکی کیتابلار 456

https://youtube.com/live/k5RtGjnCr08


  1. VİDEO METADATA

  • Video ID: k5RtGjnCr08

  • Title: بئیین موهندیسلیگینه قارشی تورکجه اسکی کیتابلار 456 (Turkish Old Books Against Brain Engineering — Episode 456)

  • Publication Date: 2026-08-02

  • Duration: 2 hours 21 minutes 9 seconds (PT2H21M9S)

  1. PHYSICAL OBJECT COUNT

  • Physical Objects / Manuscripts / Prints: 1 primary historical manuscript examined in depth:

    • Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn (Muhakemetü'l-Lügateyn / Mühakimətü’l-Lüğəteyn) by Ali-Shir Nava'i (Mir Ali Şir Nəvai), preserved in institutional library collections (~18 pages fragment or selected excerpt section within a manuscript codex, shelfmark elements like 277/736, featuring illuminated headpieces (tezhib), fine Chagatay Turkic script, historical library seals including a Muhammad Ali seal, and an explicit verse colophon recording the completion date as Wednesday in Jumada al-Awwal in the year 905 AH / ~1499–1500 CE: "900 yıldın ötüb irdi beş yıl" / 905 AH).

  • Physical Manuscripts: 1 primary manuscript source examined in detail.

  1. PREVIOUS / NEW WITNESS STATUS

  • Previous Witness Continuation: Continuation of manuscript screening from institutional library collections (Nava'i manuscript holdings).

  • New Manuscript Witness: NEW / COMPARATIVE WITNESS (Manuscript witness of Ali-Shir Nava'i's Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn with 905 AH completion colophon).

  1. PHYSICAL OBJECT MAP

  • OBJECT A: Manuscript codex excerpt of Ali-Shir Nava'i’s Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn (~18 pages, dated 905 AH / 1499 CE), featuring illuminated headpieces (tezhib), institutional library shelfmarks and seals (Muhammad Ali seal), Chagatay Turkic linguistic comparative text arguing the superiority of Turkish over Persian, and an explicit verse colophon.

  1. TEXT-UNIT DECOMPOSITION

  • A1: Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn by Ali-Shir Nava'i (Chagatay Turkic text).

  1. TITLE / IDENTIFICATION

  • Formal / Explicit Title: Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn (Mühakimətü’l-Lüğəteyn).

    ::Catalogue Title:* Muhakemetu'l-Lugateyn by Ali-Shir Nava'i (Manuscript Witness).

  • Speaker Title: Mühakimətü’l-Lüğəteyn.

  1. INCIPIT / EXPLICIT

  • Incipit: Bismillâhi’r-rahmâni’r-rahîm followed by Nava'i's comparative treatise on the richness of Turkish versus Persian [A].

    ::Explicit:* Terminal verse colophon: "Bu namə ki yazdım qələmim tartıb dil / Tarixinin ânın cəmadiəvvel bil / Gününün rəqəmini çərşənbə qılğıl / 900 yıldın ötüb irdi beş yıl" (905 AH) [A].

  1. COLOPHON

  • Colophon Literal: Explicit verse colophon dated Wednesday, Jumada al-Awwal 905 AH (~November 1499 CE) [A].

  1. DATES + DATE FUNCTIONS

Date / YearCalendar / EraObjectText UnitTimestampEvidence TypeDate FunctionConfidence
Jumada al-Awwal 905 AH (November 1499 CE)Hijri / GregorianObject AA1[02:17:17][C] Explicit verse colophon date recordCompletion epoch of the Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn witnessHigh
  1. PERSONS + ROLES

Literal Form (Native Script)Normalized FormRoleObjectText UnitTimestampEvidence TypeConfidence
Əlişir Nəvai (Mir Ali Şir Nəvai)Ali-Shir Nava'iAUTHOR / LINGUISTObject AA1[02:13:54][C] Authorial attributionHigh
Məhəmməd Əli (Muhammad Ali)Muhammad AliFORMER OWNER / SEAL HOLDERObject AA1[04:49][C] Historical institutional library sealHigh
  1. PLACES + FUNCTIONS

  • Holding Place: Institutional Manuscript Collections [A].

  • Composition Place: Herat / Timurid Realm.

  1. RULER

  • Ruler: Sultan Husayn Bayqara (Timurid dynasty).

  • Historical Synchronism: Timurid Renaissance and classical Chagatay linguistic scholarship.

  1. TURKISH TEXT / REGISTER

  • Continuous Turkish Amount: HIGH (Chagatay Turkic philological and comparative linguistic prose).

  • Form: PROSE / VERSE.

  • Register: Linguistics / Philology (Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn) / Chagatay Literature.

  1. DIAGNOSTIC FORMS

  • Diagnostic Forms: Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn, Mühakimətü’l-Lüğəteyn, Əlişir Nəvai, 905, Çərşənbə, Cəmadiəvvel.

  1. MORPHOSYNTAX

  • Morphosyntax: Chagatay Turkic philological prose syntax, comparative vocabulary analyses, and verse colophon formulas.

  1. Insights / Script: Exquisite Timurid Nasta'liq scholarly hand.

  2. ORTHOGRAPHY

  • Orthography: Traditional Arabic script orthography for Chagatay Turkic with illuminated headpieces (tezhib), historical library seals, and verse colophon.

  1. VOCALIZATION / PHONOGRAPHIC VALUE

  • Vocalization Density: LOW.

  • PHONOGRAPHIC VALUE: NONE.

  1. PALEOGRAPHIC Profile

  • Paleographic Profile: Episode 456 examines a manuscript witness of Ali-Shir Nava'i’s celebrated philological treatise Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn (~18 pages fragment or excerpt section, shelfmark 277/736). The manuscript features illuminated headpieces (tezhib), fine Chagatay Turkic script, historical library seals (including a Muhammad Ali seal), and an explicit verse colophon recording completion on Wednesday in Jumada al-Awwal 905 AH (~1499 CE).

  1. LAYOUT / DESCRIPTIVE FEATURES

  • Layout: Single-column prose and verse layout, illuminated headpieces (tezhib), institutional shelfmarks, historical ownership seals.

  • Decoration: Illuminated headpieces (tezhib).

  • Binding: Historical institutional manuscript binding.

  • Paper: Traditional handmade oriental paper stock.

  1. HAND ANALYSIS

  • Minimum Observed Hands: Principal Timurid copyist.

  • Whole-Codex Hand Count: 1+.

  1. METALINGUISTIC VALUE

  • Manuscript Metalinguistic Value: HIGH (Chagatay philology, linguistic comparison of Turkish and Persian, and Nava'i's literary manifesto).

  1. LALA COMPARISON

  • A. Lala Linguistic Register Similarity: 5/5 (Exemplary Chagatay philological and linguistic register).

  • B. Lala Political Semantic Similarity: 4/5 (Reflects Timurid cultural nationalism and defense of Turkic literary expression).

  • C. Lala Language Dating Utility: HIGH (Strong chronological correlation with explicit 905 AH colophon date).

  1. CORPUS ROLE

  • Corpus Role: CORE / CHAGATAY LINGUISTICS & MUHÂKEMETÜ'L-LÜGATEYN WITNESS.

  1. EVIDENCE GRADE

  • Evidence Grade: A (High confidence based on direct reading of manuscript text, Nava'i authorship, and explicit 905 AH colophon verse).

  1. DEDUP / RELATIONSHIP QC

  • Dedup Status: Examination of the manuscript witness of Nava'i’s Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn.

  1. ALL QC FIELDS

  • Object Count QC / Text Unit QC / Timestamp QC / Date Function QC / Date -> Object QC / Feature -> Object QC / Person Role QC / Place Function QC / Title QC / Evidence Class QC / Dedup QC / Timestamp Source Independence QC: PASS.

  1. HIGH-INFORMATION-GAIN TIMESTAMPS

  2. [00:00:04] — Milestone opening for Episode 456: introducing manuscript screening and selecting Ali-Shir Nava'i's Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn.

  3. [04:16] — Introduction of Object A: examining the manuscript witness of Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn (~18 pages, shelfmark 277/736).

  4. [05:25] — Codicological and art-historical inspection: analyzing illuminated headpieces (tezhib) and historical library seals (Muhammad Ali seal).

  5. [02:16:34] — Colophon reading: examining the explicit verse colophon recording completion on Wednesday in Jumada al-Awwal 905 AH (~1499 CE).

  6. HIGHEST-PRIORITY FOLLOWUP

  • Compare the linguistic arguments, vocabulary comparisons, and colophon variants of this Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn witness with other copies in the master corpus.

  1. RESEARCH LEADS

  • Layer 3 Inference: Episode 456 features a codicological and philological examination of a manuscript witness of Ali-Shir Nava'i’s landmark linguistic treatise Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn (~18 pages). The speaker analyzes its material features (illuminated headpieces, institutional shelfmark 277/736, Muhammad Ali library seal), reads through Nava'i's impassioned comparative defense demonstrating the lexical and expressive superiority of Turkic over Persian, and records the explicit verse colophon dating completion to Wednesday, Jumada al-Awwal 905 AH (November 1499 CE).

  1. SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY

  2. Episode 456 opens with traditional milestone blessings and manuscript screening.

  3. The speaker introduces Object A: a manuscript witness of Ali-Shir Nava'i’s Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn (~18 pages, shelfmark 277/736).

  4. Codicological inspection reveals illuminated headpieces (tezhib), fine Chagatay Turkic script, and historical ownership seals including a Muhammad Ali seal.

  5. Philological analysis covers Nava'i's masterwork comparing Turkic and Persian, arguing for the vast lexical richness, expressive power, and antiquity of the Turkic language.

  6. Provenance and colophon analysis records an explicit verse colophon stating completion on Wednesday, Jumada al-Awwal 905 AH ("900 yıldın ötüb irdi beş yıl" / November 1499 CE).

  7. Methodological standards are maintained by clearly separating observable manuscript text from speaker commentary.

  8. The session contributes supremely to the master corpus by documenting Chagatay philology and Nava'i's linguistic manifesto.

  9. The episode concludes with warm closing blessings.

  10. PUBLICATION / WEB ARTICLE

Ali Şîr Névâî’nin Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn’i ve Türkçenin Üstünlüğü Savunusu: 456. Bölüm Tahlili

Timurîler devrinin dâhi şairi ve bilgini Ali Şîr Névâî’nin, Türkçenin Farsçadan üstün ve daha zengin bir dil olduğunu kanıtlamak amacıyla kaleme aldığı Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn, Türk dil tarihi ve karşılaştırmalı philoloji açısından devrim niteliğinde bir eserdir.

  1. bölümde, yaklaşık 18 sayfalık (277/736 demirbaş numaralı) Muhâkemetü’l-Lügateyn yazma nüshası mercek altına alınmıştır. Oturumun giriş kısmında, eserin kodikolojik özellikleri (tezhipli serlevhalar, usta işi Çağatayca hat, Muhammed Ali mühürli kütüphane damgaları) detaylı bir şekilde tahlil edilmiştir.

Oturumda ayrıca, eserin sonunda yer alan manzum kolofon okunmuş; nüshanın 905 hicri yılı Cemâziyelevvel ayının çarşamba günü (Kasım 1499 miladi) tamamlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Névâî’nin Farsça yazan şairlere meydan okuyarak Türkçenin söz varlığı ve ifade kabiliyetini gözler önüne serdiği bölümler incelenmiştir.

Bu yönüyle oturum, hem Çağatay filolojisi hem de Türk dil bilimi tarihi açısından mühim bir çalışma olmuştur.



















بئیین موهندیسلیگینه قارشی تورکجه اسکی کیتابلار 536 - درس 17

  بئیین موهندیسلیگینه قارشی تورکجه اسکی کیتابلار 536 - درس 17 https://youtube.com/live/_5yDUzo2Qe0